Apache HTTP server
The web server established back in 1995 on the NCSA HTTPd code base remains one of the pillars of the WWW. The highly flexible configuration and the multitude of extension modules make it a key player in this field.
As classic and genuine Open Source software, in the case of the Apache HTTP server we have access to colleagues who can analyze and rectify even difficult problems in the source code.
nginx
nginx is currently considered one of the fastest web servers. Its use is preferred wherever the aim is to manage the highest possible volume of traffic.
To do so, nginx offers a wide range of applications as a proxy or load balancer – for http or various mail protocols as well as for TCP or UDP.
The configuration is more static than that of Apache, which is why a DevOps approach is recommended for large setups in which an appropriate configuration is generated.
HAProxy
As a classic proxy and load balancer, HAProxy is naturally also used in the web server environment. It enables throughput and availability to be increased or existing setups to be simplified so that, for example, TLS terminates at the HAProxy level.
HAProxy also offers various options for accessing data streams. This can be extensively influenced by the integrated LUA engine.
Varnish
Varnish is a reverse proxy that was exclusively designed as a HTTP accelerator. Varnish can be used to significantly increase the speed of delivery of your website in combination with systems such as HAProxy.
Squid
Squid can essentially be used as a proxy or reverse proxy. It is often used as a filter, for example, in which systems do not have direct access to the internet from internal networks, but can still reach websites via a proxy connected upstream for security reasons, for example. In this case, the system offers comprehensive access control.
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